First-Year Students Struggled With Online Learning Last Year 本文是一篇科普类说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境下的科技发展与信息技术创新。本文通过最新的一项报道指出，在疫情之下，网课对多数大一新生的学习产生了挑战，究其原因可总结为缺乏网络技
First-Year Students Struggled With Online Learning Last Year
本文是一篇科普类说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境下的科技发展与信息技术创新。本文通过最新的一项报道指出，在疫情之下，网课对多数大一新生的学习产生了挑战，究其原因可总结为缺乏网络技术、学习资源及在线学习经验等。针对这一现象，国家、大学、机构组织将会加大资金投入，提供必要的网络硬件和软件的支持，助力大学生圆满完成学业。
Why
受疫情影响，无论是国外还是国内，网课成了很多大学的常态。虽然网课方便了教学，但是也不得不关注网课这一学习模式对学生学习所产生的挑战，这有助于学生正确评判各类思想观点，养成批判性思维，创造性地表达自己的观点。同时，对比国内外疫情之下大学网课的现状，学生能够坚定文化自信，形成自尊、自信、自强的良好品质。
How
本文是一篇结构严谨的说明文，采用了递进式的方式进行说明，透过现象看本质。首先标题直接点明了要说明的问题：网课对大一新生的学习产生了挑战。同时，文章第一段开门见山，直入主题，指出疫情之下，网课对大一新生的学习造成了困扰并简要说明困扰产生的原因。紧接着，作者通过举例子、列数字、引用等多种方式具体说明产生这些问题的原因是什么。最后，基于当前大一新生在网课学习中面临的问题，作者从国家、大学、机构组织等层面具体说明解决的方式和方法。
二 赏析语篇 感悟语言
文本特征
本文是一篇调研报告，即用文字的形式呈现调研的成果，往往利用文字、图表等形式，围绕调查研究的目的，将调查资料的分析结果系统地、真实地用书面文字呈现出来。精准表述是调研报告最主要的特征，这一特征具体表现为写实性、针对性、逻辑性。
第一、写实性。调研报告精准写作是在占有大量资料基础上，用叙述性语言真实准确地反映客观事物的写作。如文中针对每一个具体问题的调查结果，做了直观准确的描述。When students were asked to rate how easy or challenging their coursework was, 52 percent responded “somewhat challenging” and 14 percent responded “very challenging.” 本文表述在线学习课程的挑战性的调查结果时，用52%的“有一点挑战”和14%的“非常有挑战”具体说明学生对这一问题的反馈，直观呈现调查结果。
第二、针对性。这体现在无论是调查样本的选定还是调研资料的收集，或是对调研素材的整理分析，都是围绕某一个综合性或专题性问题展开。如本文中对于调查对象的精准描述：The report measured the rsponses from 1,164 students who took the ACT as a junior or senior between 2017 and 2019, graduated from high school in 2019, and enrolled in a postsecondary institution for the 2019-20 school year.精确的说明参与对象的数量为1,164人、高中毕业年限为2019年。
第三、逻辑性。对核实无误的数据和事实进行严密的逻辑论证，分析事物变化的原因，预测事物发展的趋势，提示事物的本质，探索事物的规律，得出科学的结论。如本文中，基于问卷调查，作者归纳总结出学生学习在线课程产生挑战的原因具体为哪些。The report named three key factors that created learning challenges for students: lack of access to technology and the internet, a gap in learning resources (such as instructor feedback,structured course materials and opportunities for collaboration), and limited prior experience with online learning.
语言特色
本文为说明文，说明文语言注重准确性、严密性和科学性，为了简洁又精准地说明网课对于大一新生造成困扰，本文使用了以下方式：
01
呈现数据 用事实说话
罗列了大量调查中的数据，让数字来说明问题，一方面使说明更准确，另一方面使说明更具说服力。如下列例句中的数字直观的向我们展示了当前大一新生在网课期间所面临的挑战以及这一问题的严峻性，为下文国家、大学必须合力解决这一问题做好了铺垫。
(1) Two-thirds of first-yearstudents struggled with online learning last year, according to a report released yesterday by ACT, the nonprofit organization that administers the college readiness exam. Additionally, one-third of first-year studentsreported frequent troubles with an unreliable computer and 21 percentsaid they had unpredictable or no access to the internet.
(2) When students were asked to rate how easy or challenging their coursework was, 52 percentresponded “somewhat challenging” and 14 percent responded “very challenging.”
(3) Furthermore, the report found that 82 percent of studentswere “a great deal” or “somewhat” concerned that online learning during the pandemic would negatively impact their academic success this year; 76 percent believed that such a negative effect could have long-term consequences.
02
嵌套同位语 精准表达
巧妙地应用同位语和定语从句的组合，将要说明的对象层层细化，如下面两个例句（画线部分为同位语，斜体加粗部分为定语从句），具体指明了当前迫切需要帮助的学生-----缺乏网络硬件和软件支持的贫困大学生。
（1）The past academic year was perhaps the most challenging year in the lives of American college students, particularly students from low-income families and first-generation college students, who were more likely to have limited access to technology and the internet compared to their counterparts.
（2）As online learning continues, universities and colleges should develop policies and plans to support students who lack access to technology and the internet, especially students from underserved populations.
高考
链接
1. (2020年全国III卷阅读C篇)
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that that about 20% of 25---34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B.Financial reports.
C. Published statistics D. Public opinions.
2. （2019年全国II卷阅读C篇）
(Para. 2) A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
28. What are the statistic in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits.
C.Table manners. D. Restaurant service
Keys: 1. C 2.B
三 析长难句 准确理解文意
原句 1
(1) The first year of college is often a stressful time for college students, as the transition from high school to college brings new circumstances and expectations.
(2) In an open-ended question, students cited lack of motivation, difficulty retaining information and trouble understanding concepts without “hands-on” experience as their biggest hurdles.
(3) The report comes as the House of Representatives yesterday passed a $3.5 trillion budget blueprint, paving the way for a vote on President Joe Biden's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
分析：
本文中囊括了as的三种基本用法，第一句中as意为“因为”，引导了一个原因状语从句；第二句中as意为“成为，作为”，当作一个介词在使用；第三句中as意为“当，同时”，引导了一个时间状语从句。此外as也可用来引导定语从句，一般翻译为“正如”，如：As we all know, China has made significant achievements in fighting the COVID-19; as作为连词也可用来引导让步状语从句，相当于though，翻译为“即使，虽然”，如 Child as he is，he has mastered three languages.
翻译：
（1）对于大学生来说，大学的第一年通常是充满压力的一段时间，因为从高中到大学的过渡带来了新的环境和期望。
（2）在一个开放式的问题中，学生们认为在网课学习最大的障碍是缺乏动力、难以记住信息以及在没有“实践”经验的情况下难以理解概念。
（3）这份报告出炉之际，美国众议院昨天通过了一份3.5万亿美元的预算蓝图，为对乔·拜登总统的基础设施投资和就业法案进行投票铺平了道路。
高考
链接
请指出下列句子中as的词意
（1）The best books are the ones that open further astime passes. （2020年全国I卷阅读B）
（2）Asa novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.（2020年全国II卷阅读D）
（3）Ashe often did, he stopped by the “after work auction（拍卖）” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. （2020年全国II卷完型）
（4）Enviable asthe cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. （2019年全国I卷阅读D）
（5） For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing asthey are much sweeter. （2018年全国I卷阅读B）
Keys: (1) 随着 （2）作为 （3）正如 （4）尽管 （5）因为
原句 2
The bipartisan infrastructure bill would create the Affordable Connectivity Program, an extension of the temporary Emergency Broadband Benefit passed by Congress last December to provide discounted broadband service to eligible low-income households, including Pell Grant recipients.
分析：
本句主体部分为The bipartisan infrastructure bill would create the Affordable Connectivity Program，是一个常规的主谓宾式的简单句，在其后面紧跟一个同位语说明Affordable Connectivity Program的功能和作用，同时在同位语中passed by Congress last December 充当了Emergency Broadband Benefit的后置定语，此外用to provide来充当目的状语，并在句尾使用including做伴随状语来做补充说明。
翻译：
两党基础设施法案将创建“平价连接计划”(Affordable Connectivity Program)，这是国会去年12月通过的临时紧急宽带福利(Emergency Broadband Benefit)的延伸，该福利旨在向包括佩尔助学金(Pell Grant)获得者在内的符合条件的低收入家庭提供折扣宽带服务。
小试
牛刀
请将本句翻译为英语。
钉钉(Dingtalk)是阿里巴巴(Alibaba)开发的最受欢迎的应用之一，在疫情期间对在线学习发挥了重要作用。（使用同位语进行翻译）
____________________________________________
Keys：
Dingtalk, one of the most popular Apps developed by Alibaba, has played an important role in online learning during the pandemic.
原句 3
That would give colleges access to funding to identify students who might be struggling, that maybe aren’t Pell students, or maybe don’t have access to federal financial aid.
分析：
本句主句部分为That would give colleges access to funding to identify students ，为一个主谓宾结构式的简单句，在students后面并列了三个定语从句，分别用who，that引导。
小试
牛刀
请将本句翻译为英语。
中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上最多的人口,有许多神秘的故事和传说,但也是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。（使用并列定语从句）
__________________________________________
Keys：
China is an attractive country which has the largest population, where there are lots of mysterious stories and legends and that many westerners are still not familiar with.
四 积累词块 学以致用
pave the way for… 为...铺路；为...创造条件
have access to…接近，利用
compare to 与...相比
the lack of 缺乏，缺少
小试
牛刀
(1) The development of technology will __________ improving our economy.
科技的发展将会为提升经济创造条件。
(2) Because of ___________ water, they are thirsty to death.
由于缺水，他们快渴死了。
(3) ___________ the suffering of this child, his own problems paled into insignificance.
与这个孩子所遭受的苦难相比，他自己的问题显得微不足道了。
(4) Nowadays,more and more people ______________ the internet to search the information they need.
现在，越来越多的人利用网络来搜索他们需要的信息。
Keys: （1）pave the way for; （2）the lack of; （3）Compared to; （4）have access to
identify v. 认出，识别
release v. 释放，放走；发布，发行
financial adj. 财政的，金融的
unpredictable adj. 不可预知的
circumstance n. 条件，情况，环境
somewhat adv. 稍微，有点
feedback n. 反馈意见
underserved adj. 服务不周到的
collaboration n. 合作，协作
counterpart n. 对应的人（或事物）
佩尔奖学金（Pell Grant）：佩尔助学金最初来自1965年制定的《美国高等教育法案》(Higher Education Act of 1965)，由美国联邦政府提供给低收入家庭子女用于完成高中后学业的助学金。佩尔助学金获得者可用这些钱支付学费，食宿费或其他教育花销。佩尔奖学金一般无需获得者返还，也因此深受低收入家庭的学生欢迎。据统计，佩尔助学金已帮助过540万美国学生追寻自己的教育梦。但佩尔助学金的金额并不很大，一般不足以覆盖普通四年制大学的花费。佩尔助学金获得者往往需要结合其他的奖助学金，或者通过贷款、半工半读等方式支付所有费用。
假定你是李华,将参加主题为"Will online class become mainstream education? ”的英语征文比赛，请撰写一篇英文稿件，主要内容包括:
1.网课出现的背景；
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