2021考研初试12月26~27日进行，2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区 In the movies and on television,
2021考研初试12月26~27日进行，2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typicallydepicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes toAl in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and theimpending loss of jobs, but in what ways is Al changing companies and the largereconomy that don't involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?
A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from TataConsultancy Services found that companies currently use Al more often incomputer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One commonapplication? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather thaneliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers,because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.
Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacingemployees:
Better hiring practices
Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of theunconscious bias from hiring decisions." There are experiments that show that,naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,"says Pédro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for theUltimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science41._____________________ One company that's doing this is called Blendoor. Ituses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiringprocess.
More effective marketing
Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines toincrease open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software canoutperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. Thiscan mean millions more in revenue. 42_________________These are "tools that helppeople use data, not a replacement for people," says Patrick H. Winston, aprofessor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.
Saving customers money
Energy companies can use Al to help customers reduce their electricitybills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can alsooptimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurancecompanies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accuratelyaccess risk." Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high riskor charge them too much," says Domingos, 43___________________
Improved accuracy
"Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, whichmakes data more valuable," says Winston.It "helps people make smarterdecisions."44_______________
Protecting and maintaining infrastructure
A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use Alimage processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipmentfailure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them,it’s very expensive," says Domingos. 45________________
[A]I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you're doing research, youcan have Al go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwiseyou just wouldn't have time for.
One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contractsduring an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, isfaster and more accurate.
[C]There are also companies like Acquisition, which analyzes advertisingperformance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media andmakes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield bestresults.
[D]You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to whereit's useful for employees to go to.
[E] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk orcharge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it wouldcost [the company] money.
[F] We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up thephone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
[G] AI looks a résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, andselects the more promising candidates.
【参考答案】GCEBD
【解析】
41. 前面有一句“There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results ofinterviews are much more biased than what AIdoes(有实验表明，人工面试的结果自然比人工智能面试的结果更有偏见)”这表明该段是在形容人工智能在面试中发挥的作用，与此相关的只有G选项AI looks arésumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to,and selects the morepromising candidates.(人工智能会比人类更多地查看简历，并选择更有前途的候选人。)
42.空后面是These are "tools that help people use data,not a replacement forpeople(这些是“帮助人们使用数据的工具，而不是人的替代品)，说明该空中会提到一些工具，因此选择C选项There are also companieslike Acquisition, which analyzes advertising performance across multiplechannels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments orsuggestions about where advertising funds will yield bestresults.(还有像Acquisition这样的公司，他们通过Adwords、必应和社交媒体等多种渠道分析广告表现，并就广告资金最有效的投放渠道做出调整或建议。)其中包含了一些渠道，即工具。
43. 该题所在段的小标题是Saving customers money，说明该题应选择与金钱、成本相关的内容，因此选择E选项Before,theymight not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, orthey would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company]money.(以前，他们可能不会为那些觉得风险很高的人投保，或者向他们收取过高的费用，或者向他们收取过低的费用，这样(公司)就会赔钱。)
44. 该空前内容是It "helps people make smarterdecisions."(它“帮助人们做出更明智的决定。”)，因此该空应选择与决定或决策相关的内容，B选项One accounting firm,EY, usesan AI system that helps review contracts during an audit.This process,along withemployees reviewing the contracts,is faster and moreaccurate.(会计师事务所安永(EY)使用一种人工智能系统，在审计期间帮助审查合同。这个过程，连同雇员审查合同，是更快和更准确的。)这是一个侧面反映决策准确的例子。
45.空前有一句inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaksbefore they happen(检查基础设施，在发生之前防止设备故障或泄漏)这反映了“预测”这个主题，选项D You want to predict ifsomething needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to goto.(你要预测现在是否需要关注什么，并指出哪些地方对员工有用。)中包含了predict，与上文语义逻辑一致，故正确。
